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The Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is an historic small State of Michigan recognized band of Indians who live mostly in Emmet and Cheboygan counties. These two counties are located in the northernmost region of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Since 1985, the Burt Lake Band has petitioned the Bureau of Indian Affairs for re-recognition as a federally acknowledged band, a recognition first achieved in the 1830s.〔"Political Status of Cheboygan Band (Burt Lake Band, Dr. Alice Littlefield, Central Michigan University, 3-27-2002.〕 ==History== The Ottawa people participated in the wars against England and the United States in the 18th and early 19th centuries. By the mid 1830s the Ottawa and Chippewa people of the Michigan Territory sought negotiated treaty agreements with the United States. As a result, the Treaty of Washington was signed in the fall of 1836.〔Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George F. ''Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State,'' Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995.〕 The 1836 Treaty of Washington was signed between the Anishinaabe of the Michigan Territory ceding some 13,000,000 acres of land to the US federal government. The ceded Anishinaabe land was located in the western two-thirds of the Lower Peninsula and the eastern half of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In all, it was almost a third of the state of Michigan's total land. In exchange, the Anishinaabeg were to receive annuity payments, supplies and a guarantee they could hunt and fish for perpetuity.〔Treaty of Washington, 1836-Treaty with the Ottawa & Chippewa.〕 As part of the treaty agreement, the Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians were set aside a 1,000 acre reservation on Lake Cheboigan. The reservation was to last for 5 years. However, the United States failed to set aside the promised land. Beginning in February of 1848 and ending in April of 1850, the members of the Burt Lake Band used their annuity money from the 1836 treaty to buy six separate parcels of land totaling 375 acres. This was land on Indian Point along the shoreline of Lake Cheboigan.〔"White Man's Treachery," ''The Detroit News,''10-7-1969〕 A second treaty, the Treaty of Detroit was signed in 1855 between the Anishinaabe of Michigan and the United States. The Chippewa and Ottawa people of the Burt Lake Band were provided land in two townships of land in Cheboygan County. These two townships were exactly where the six parcels of land had earlier been purchased. The treaty also specified that individual Anishinaabeg could select land allotments within the reservation. However, these individual holdings were not granted until 1875, some 3 years after an 1872 Act of Congress had been passed.〔Treaty of Detroit, 1855-Treaty with the Ottawa & Chippewa Nations,〕 Over the years after the 1855 treaty, local officials of Cheboygan County imposed property taxes on the land parcels at the Indian Village settlement on Indian Point. As a result, the land parcels land were sold to pay back taxes. After buying the "tax titles" Cheboygan banker and land speculator John W. McGinn obtained a "writ of assistance" from the Circuit Court of Cheboygan in 1898 and in October of 1900, used the writ to demand the sheriff Fred Ming remove the residents of Indian Village. Ming and his deputies did so and then McGinn burned the village to the ground, an act that became known as the Burt Lake Burn-Out. The Chippewa and Ottawa people who lived there were forced to relocate to Indian Trail (now Indian Road), where other Burt Lake Chippewa and Ottawa people owned land.〔 The Burt Lake Band was previously known as the Cheboiganing Band of Ottawa & Chippewa Indians. This historic recognition existed before the 1836 Treaty of Washington and continued through 1917 when a lawsuit involving the Burt Lake Band was decided by federal Judge Clarence Sessions.〔Department of Justice File No. 158012-The Burt Lake Band, National Archives, Chicago, Ill.〕 After the burn-out, the Burt Lake Band, an historically recognized band of Indians by the federal government lost its federal acknowledgment. Since 1985, the band has petitioned the Bureau of Indian Affairs for re-recognition.〔 Federal Register, Vol. 69, No. 73, 4-15-2004.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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